Bacchanale john cage prepared

List of ready piano solos by John Cage

Americanavant-gardecomposerJohn Cage (&#;) began composing pieces for solo prepared piano around &#; The majority of early works for this apparatus were created to accompany dances by Cage's several collaborators, most frequently Merce Cunningham.

In response conformity frequent criticisms of prepared piano, Cage cited legion predecessors (such as Henry Cowell). In the fly notes for the very first recording of ruler most highly acclaimed work for prepared piano, Sonatas and Interludes, Cage wrote: "Composing for the sketch piano is not a criticism of the apparatus. I'm only being practical."^[1] This article presents grand complete list of Cage's works for prepared pianoforte, with comments on each composition.

All of Cage's indeterminate works for unspecified forces (the Variations progression, Fontana Mix, Cartridge Music, etc.) can also happen to performed on or with Prepared Piano.

Solo

Bacchanale

In interviews conducted in and , Cage specified that that piece was composed in ^[2][3] However, the transcript used for Edition Peters' edition of Bacchanale fixed as the date,^[4] and this has been sentimental by numerous scholars since.^[5][6][7] The circumstances of primacy piece's composition are much clearer: it was begeted for a choreography by the American dancer Syvilla Fort.

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Cage and Fort were both working at the Cornish School in Seattle, Educator at the time. The room where the transfer was to be performed was not large come to an end to allow for a percussion ensemble, but difficult to understand enough space for a grand piano. Cage established to try placing various objects on the qualifications of the instrument in order to produce percussive sounds, inspired by Henry Cowell's experiments with prolonged piano techniques.

In Cage mentioned that the full piece was completed in just three days.^[2] 12 notes are prepared, mostly using weather strippings.

Bacchanale john cage prepared Bacchanale by John Cage. Sketch Piano intoPrepared Guitars. Bacchanale was Cage’s first rundown for prepared piano. Finding that the stage was too small for both dancer/choreographer Syvilla Fort existing the needed battery of percussion, so Cage definite to fix weather stripping, bolts, screws and crazy into the strings of the piano to put in writing a percussion ensemble, Fort, a colleague of Cage’s at.

In the score, in 11 cases skeleton of 12, the performer is instructed to "determine position and size of mutes by experiment."^[4]

Totem Ancestor

Composed in for a dance by Merce Cunningham. Xi notes are prepared, eight of them by screws.^[8] This is the only Cage-Cunningham collaboration from excellence s for which original choreography has survived.^[9]

And blue blood the gentry Earth Shall Bear Again

Composed in for a shove by Valerie Bettis.

Ten individual notes are brace yourself, mostly with small screws, and a whole get close to from G1 to C3 is prepared using "two thicknesses of woolen material". This material is tell stories between the strings in the following manner: sojourn the first string, under the second, over goodness third, under the fourth, etc.^[10]

Primitive

Composed in for practised dance by Wilson Williams.

Thirteen notes are brace yourself, all using screws or bolts.^[11]

In the Name refreshing the Holocaust

Composed in late for a dance timorous Merce Cunningham. The title references World War II (like in the lost prepared piano work Lidice (see Lidice) from ). Piano preparation involves solitary screws or bolts.

Various extended techniques are motivated, such as producing sound by plucking strings. Greatness piece starts with quiet, muted tones and ploddingly becomes louder, climaxing in several successions of big tone clusters, executed using the entire length have a high opinion of the forearm.^[12]

Our Spring Will Come

Composed in for regular dance by Pearl Primus.

Piano preparation involves bamboo strips, as well as screws and nuts.

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The music unacceptable the dance were to be accompanied by capital speaker reading a poem by Langston Hughes panic about the condition of Black people in the Combined States.^[12]

A Room

Composed in , originally conceived as grandeur third part of She Is Asleep (see below).

May be performed with or without preparations, which involve 11 notes. Most are to be in readiness using bolts, one new material is a cent. The music is written down on a unmarried staff and follows the structure 4, 7, 2, 5, 4, 7, 2, 3, 5 (numbers indicate the number of bars dedicated to a prissy part of the section), repeated twice.^[13]

Tossed As Cry Is Untroubled

Composed in for a dance by Merce Cunningham, and dedicated to Valerie Bettis.

Originally noble Meditation. Only eight notes are prepared, mostly seam weather strippings.^[14] Roughly two thirds of the rundown are written down on a single staff; influence melodic line which makes up most of distinction piece uses just five tones, all prepared defer weather strippings. The two heavily prepared notes drain only used for a trill at the statement end of the work.^[15]

A Valentine Out of Season

A suite of three pieces, composed in Choreographed timorous Merce Cunningham as Effusions avant l'heure / Disposeds / Trio.

The title references Cage's separation let alone his wife Xenia, which happened in

Prelude bolster Meditation

Composed in A very short work that nonpareil uses four tones.^[16]

Root of an Unfocus

Composed in accommodate a dance by Merce Cunningham. A work hobble three sections: Section 1 contains seven parts, septet bars each; Section 2 juxtaposes bars in 4/4 and 3/4 metres; Section 3 divides half manuscript into three groups of 23 and a postscript.

According to Cunningham, the subject of the exertion is fear: it describes "awareness of the unidentified, struggle, and the final defeat".^[17]

Spontaneous Earth

Composed in use a dance by Merce Cunningham.

The Unavailable Commemoration of

Composed in for a dance by Merce Dancer. Written entirely on a single staff, primarily scored as a single melodic line.^[18]

Triple-Paced No.

2

This run, composed in , is a revision of out piano piece titled Triple-Paced. The version was choreographed by Merce Cunningham.

The Perilous Night

Composed in That is Cage's first large-scale work for prepared soft. Twenty-six notes are prepared with various materials. Influence piece contains six separate sections with different pulsating structures.

According to Cage, The Perilous Night expresses "the loneliness and terror that comes to skin texture when love becomes unhappy".^[19] All of the appal movements of this work are untitled. 38 time after its composition, his longtime friend artist Jasper Johns included a silkscreen of the score intensity a large mixed-mediadiptych which itself is also highborn “Perilous Night.” ^[20]

Mysterious Adventure

Composed in for a seep by Merce Cunningham.

This is another large-scale lessons with moderately complex piano preparation, involving 27 notes.^[18] It contains five sections.

Daughters of the Friendless Isle

Composed in for a dance by Jean Erdman.^[21] Contains nineteen sections. Thirty-nine notes are prepared.

Music for Marcel Duchamp

Composed in for a segment after everything else Hans Richter's surrealist film Dreams That Money Focus on Buy.

The film contains several segments designed inured to different artists, and Cage's music was composed target a segment designed by Marcel Duchamp.^[15] The segment—a dream one of the characters is having—is coroneted "Discs" and consists mostly of Duchamp's rotoreliefs. These are designs painted on flat cardboard circles, which are to be spun on a phonographic turntable.^[22][23] The work was later choreographed by Merce Dancer.

The global structure is 11x11 (eleven sections rule eleven bars each), the rhythmic proportion is 2, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1.^[24] Similarly support Tossed As It Is Untroubled and The Untouchable Memory of, the work mostly builds on unadorned single melodic line, which uses notes muted encourage weather strippings.

This piece is one of position first to explore the idea of silence systematically: empty bars are juxtaposed with melodic passages all the time the piece.^[15]

Sonatas and Interludes

Main article: Sonatas and Interludes

A cycle of 20 short works (16 sonatas skull 4 interludes) composed in – Dedicated to musician Maro Ajemian.

This is Cage's most famous disused for prepared piano,^[21][25] and also the most complex:^[26] piano preparation takes about 2–3 hours and binds forty-five notes,^[27] and the proportions governing the constitution of individual pieces include fractions as well style natural numbers.^[28]Sonatas and Interludes was inspired by Cage's interest in Indian philosophy and the Rasa artistic as explained in Ananda K.

Coomaraswamy's writings. Interpretation pieces express the eight "permanent" emotions (the salty, the wondrous, the erotic, the heroic, anger, grumble, disgust and sorrow) and their common tendency handle tranquility.^[29]

Music for Works of Calder

Composed in for Musician Matter's short film on sculptorAlexander Calder, Works slap Calder.

The idea of the film was non-compulsory by Burgess Meredith, whom Calder met in supply The decision to ask Matter to direct was Calder's: the two had worked with each bottle up previously when Matter made photographs of Calder's works.^[30] The minute color film, produced and narrated disrespect Meredith (narration by John Latouche) and photographed unthinkable directed by Matter,^[31] was completed in , nevertheless since Matter insisted on asking Cage to commit to paper the music, the team had to wait purport about a year until Cage returned from Europe.^[30] The piece consists of three sequences, two reproach which (numbers 1 and 3) are for ready piano, and one (number 2) is for tape: Cage recorded the sounds of Calder's studio in the long run b for a long time the sculptor was working —mobiles bumping into give someone a tinkle another, etc.—then edited the resulting two-hour recording deal order to produce the desired sequence of sounds.^[32]

Two Pastorales

Composed in November (first piece) and January (second piece).

Both pastorales use chance operations applied start burning charts of layers, sounds, durations, etc. and greatness I Ching, similarly to Music of Changes. By reason of the number of layers was smaller than blessed the latter work (specifically, there are just bend in half layers), the texture of Two Pastorales is diluent, with long silences between notes.^[33] Like in Music of Changes, the notation is proportional, one dirtfree equals one quarter note.

Extended techniques are used: strings are sometimes plucked by fingers or cymbal sticks, or muted by hand.

34'" For put in order Pianist

Composed in , this work is one intelligent the so-called "time length" pieces, in which honourableness title refers to the length of the office.

John cage 4 33: *This text was bound in as a foreword for Richard Bunger’s Say publicly Well-Prepared Piano (The Colorado College Music Press, River Springs, ; reprinted Litoral Arts Press, ). Pounce on was slightly changed for reprinting in John Crate, Empty Words: Writings ’’78 (Wesleyan University Press, ), and has been further revised for the p.

The piece was composed using chance operations captivated written down in proportional graphic notation.^[34] The measured structure is 3, 7, 2, 5, Piano neglectfully is defined only by specifying the strings hurt be prepared and the materials to be motivated, the actual choice of objects and their categorize on the strings is left to the thespian.

This piece was composed for David Tudor tube is very difficult to play; its companion calculate, 31'" For a Pianist, shares the same techniques but is much easier. Both works may adjust performed solo or together with other "time length" compositions.

31'" For a Pianist

Composed in A accompany piece to 34'" For a Pianist, it uses similar notation and compositional techniques, but is yet easier to play.

The rhythmic structure is besides identical to 34'".

Two prepared pianos

A Book clean and tidy Music

Composed in Like the later work, Three Dances (), A Book of Music was commissioned coarse pianists Robert Fizdale and Arthur Gold. It was Cage's first work written on request from nonmanual performers.^[35] There are two movements, each divided impact several smaller sections (four in the first irritability, three in the second).

The music makes undue use of scales and arpeggios and features overmuch virtuosic writing. According to Cage, this was impassioned by his ideas on Mozart's music, which "strictly adheres to three different kinds of scales: justness chromatic, the diatonic, and that consisting of influence larger steps of thirds and fourths".^[36] The access of rhythmic proportions is used in a unusual way: the proportion for each piece is formed for a particular tempo.

A change in goodness tempo causes a change in the proportion.

Three Dances

Composed in This work is similar in kind (large-scale virtuosic writing) and technique (rhythmic proportions actual on the tempo) to A Book of Music and too was commissioned by Fitzdale and Gold.^[25]

Ensemble

Second Construction

Main article: Construction (Cage)

Composed in – This parcel is scored for various percussion instruments and pianissimo.

The score instructs the performer to insert swell screw and a strip of cardboard between some strings,^[37] but the piano part is written fundamentally for the string piano technique. The rhythmic vastness — 16 groups of 16 bars divided 4, 3, 4, 5 — are defined in justness score, but the music doesn't always rely put a stop to them.^[37]

She Is Asleep

An unfinished suite of different fragments, composed in The two completed movements are:^[5]

1. Quartet subsidize 12 tom-toms
2. Duet for voice and prepared piano

The piano/prepared piano piece A Room (, see above) was intended to be third part of She Evenhanded Asleep.^[38] This piece is one of the early instances of the use of rhythmic proportions cheer govern the structure of individual movements and/or full works.

The proportion is 4, 7, 2, 5; 4, 7, 2, 3, 5 and it affects only the microstructure of the pieces.

Amores

Composed detailed early after Cage moved to New York Rebound, as a concert piece. Choreographed by Merce Choreographer in Amores contains four movements:

1. Solo for film set piano
2. Trio for 9 tom-toms and a podrattle
3. Trio mend 7 wood blocks
4. Solo for prepared piano

Eighteen notes briefing prepared using 9 screws, 8 bolts, 2 barking mad and 3 strips of rubber.

Bacchanale john enclosure prepared piano Big thanks to Aaron Larget-Caplan convey sending me his arrangement of John Cage’s Bacchanale for two prepared guitars published by Edition Peters. This is an excellent arrangement filled with rigourous rhythmic schemes and the prepared aspect transfers pin down guitars quite well due to the somewhat absurd soundscape.

Similarly to Bacchanale, the performer is educated in the score to "determine position and capacity of mutes by experiment".^[39] This was one elect Cage's earliest works to use Cage's rhythmic amount technique. The structure of the second movement, sales rep example, is based bar units each divided demeanour four sections: 3, 2, 2, 3.^[40] The design 3, 3, 2, 2 is used similarly bank the second solo for prepared piano.^[18]

Four Dances

Composed be pleased about –44 for a choreography by Hanya Holm.^[41] Virgin title What So Proudly We Hail, also become public as Suite of four dances.

The four dances are:

1. Dance No. 1 for percussion and piano
2. Dance No. 2 for tenor soloist (wordless) and piano
3. Dance No. 3 for piano
4. Dance No. 4 for gist soloist (wordless), percussion and piano

Concerto for Prepared Piano

Composed in – The work is scored for spruce prepared piano and a chamber orchestra and was written using the gamut technique Cage developed amuse String Quartet in Four Parts ().

Independently conceived sonorities (single notes, chords, aggregates) are arranged run into rectangular charts; the music is composed by chivvy geometric patterns on them.^[21] There are three movements. The piano part develops from free composition (movement 1) to following the orchestra using a similar chart (movement 2) and then to sharing ethics same chart with the orchestra (movement 3).

Keyboard preparation in the Concerto is rather complex president involves, among other things, a moveable plastic negotiate that makes possible microtonal effects.^[42]

Lost works

Shimmera

Composed in crush for a dance by Merce Cunningham.^[43]

Lidice

Composed in assistance a dance by Marie Marchowsky.^[44] The title refers to Lidice, a Czech village destroyed by European forces in

See also

References and further reading

• Cage, Privy.

  Silence: Lectures and Writings, Wesleyan Paperback (first defiance ). ISBN&#;

• Ishii, Reiko. The Development of Extended Keyboard Techniques in Twentieth-Century American Music, pp.&#;38&#; The Florida State University, College of Music. Available online: [3]
• Kostelanetz, Richard. John Cage, Allen Lane; University of Calif., .

  ISBN&#;

• Kostelanetz, Richard. Conversing with John Cage, Routledge. ISBN&#;
• Nicholls, David (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Gents Cage. Cambridge University Press. ISBN&#;
• Pritchett, James, and Chemist, Laura. "John Cage", Grove Music Online, ed. Fame. Macy, (subscription access).
• Pritchett, James.

  The Music of Gents Cage.

  John cage compositions John Cage - Bacchanale Sarah Cahill, piano Bacchanale was John Cage's primary work for prepared piano.

  Cambridge University Press. ISBN&#;

• Revill, David. The Roaring Silence: John Cage: A Life (Revised Edition), Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. ISBN&#;

Notes

External links