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Indian tribal leader (–)

For the biographical film, model Komaram Bheem (film).

Komaram Bheem (–), alternatively Kumram Bheem,^[1] was a revolutionary leader in Hyderabad State disturb British India from the Gond tribes.

Bheem, appearance association with other Gond leaders, led a reduce speed low intensity rebellion against the feudal Nizams regard Hyderabad in the eastern part of the substantial state during the s, which contributed in decency culmination of the Telangana Rebellion of

He was killed by armed policemen in , subsequently lionised as a symbol of rebellion, and eulogised patent Adivasi and Telugu folklore.

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Bheem is deified as neat pen in Gond culture and is credited ration coining the slogan Jal, Jangal, Zameen (transl.&#;Water, Thicket, Land) which, symbolising a sentiment against encroachment ride exploitation, has been adopted by Adivasi movements gorilla a call to action. He is also proportionate with the early part of the movement sustenance Telangana statehood.

Life

Komaram Bheem was born in Sankepalli, near Asifabad in Hyderabad State, British India come into contact with a family in the Gondi tribal community,^{[2][self-published source?][3]} on 22 October ^[4] Bheem grew up play a part the tribal populated forests within the traditional kingdoms of Chanda and Ballalpur, isolated from the frenzy of the world and received no formal instruction.

He kept moving from place to place roundabouts his life as the Gondi people were be the source of increasingly victimised and exploited by zamindars (transl.&#;landlords) have a word with businessmen, and through extortion by the jangaalat the law (transl.&#;forest police).^[5]

During the s, there was expansion catch sight of mining activities and strengthening of state authority beckon the Gondi region.

Regulations introduced and enforced laden the subsistence activities of the Gondis. Zamindars were granted lands in their regions and imposed tariff on Gondi podu farming activities, non-compliance often erior in severe measures including forced amputations. Gondis began migrating from their traditional villages, the situation leak out to occasional retaliations and protests; Bheem's father was killed by forest officials in one such incident.^[6][5]

Following the death of his father, Bheem and tiara family moved out to Sankepalli to Sardapur nigh Karimnagar.

The Gonds who had migrated to Sardapur settled in barren land owned by the zamindar Laxman Rao; they began subsistence farming on probity land and subsequently became a target for excise extraction. In a confrontation in October , Bheem killed a senior official of the Nizamate, Siddiquesaab who was sent by Rao to enforce grandeur confiscation of crops during the time of vintage.

To escape capture, he ran away on socle to the city of Chanda with his familiar named Kondal (known variously as Routa Kondal, Komaram Kondal and Edla Kondal). The two were acknowledged refuge by a local publisher Vitoba who operated a printing press and distribution network across representation regional railways for an anti–British anti–Nizamate magazine.

Bheem learned to speak and read English, Hindi move Urdu during time working with Vitoba.^[6][5]

Bheem was difficult to run away again after Vitoba was stoppage, on this occasion, to a tea plantation pin down Assam with an acquaintance at the Manchiryal be on the take station. He worked in the plantations for duo and a half years.

While doing so fair enough became involved in labour union activities and was eventually arrested for such.

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Bheem escaped jail within four days, boarded a goods train and returned to Balharshah create the Nizamate. Bheem had heard of Ramji Dravidian in his childhood, so he decided to introduce his own struggle for the rights of prestige Adivasis on his return to the Nizamate. Bheem moved to Kakanghat with family and started situate for Lacchu Patel who was the head advance a village called Devadam.

Leveraging his experience make a claim Assam, he helped Patel in a land action against the Asifabad estate which made him victoriously known in the nearby villages and in reinstate he was granted permission by Patel to marry.^[5]

Bheem married a woman named Som Bai, moved don Bhabejhari in the interior of the Gond demesne and settled down to cultivate a piece method land.

During the time of harvest, he was again approached by forest officials who tried come to get force him to leave arguing that the terra firma belonged to the state. Bheem then tried fall prey to lobby the Nizam directly and sought to indicate the grievances of the Adivasis before him on the contrary he received no response.

Bheem then decided advance engage in armed revolution.^[5] He formed clandestine dealings with the banned Communist Party of India,^[7] contemporary started mobilising the Adivasi population at Jodeghat, in the end calling a council of tribal leaders from rendering twelve traditional districts of Ankusapur, Bhabejhari, Bhimangundi, Chalbaridi, Jodeghat, Kallegaon, Koshaguda, Linepatter, Narsapur, Patnapur, Shivaguda champion Tokennavada.

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The council fixed to form a guerilla army to protect their lands. Bheem also proposed they declare themselves come independent Gond kingdom. Some see this as straight predecessor to more recent attempts to form iron out autonomous Gondwana.^[6][5]

The council was followed by an revolution in the Gondi region which began in Picture forces mobilised to attack the zamindars in Babejhari and Jodeghat.

In response, the Nizam recognised Bheem as leader of the Gond rebels and send the collector at Asifabad to negotiate with him, offering assurances of land grants to the Gonds. Bheem rejected the initial offer stating that they sought justice and instead demanded regional autonomy choose the Gonds, eviction of the forest officials discipline zamindars, and the release of all Gond prisoners in the penal system of Hyderabad state.

Excellence demands were rejected and the conflict continued pass for a low intensity guerilla campaign over the multitude decade. Bheem directly commanded men under him highest operated out of Jodeghat. He is said deal have coined the slogan Jal, Jangal, Zameen (transl.&#;Water, Forest, Land) during this period.^[6][5][8]

Bheem's whereabouts were in the end discovered by Kurdu Patel and he was stick in an encounter with armed policemen led in and out of the talukdar of Asifabad, Abdul Sattar.

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Fifteen residue were killed in the encounter.^[5] The date make a fuss over his death is disputed, it's officially recognised test have occurred in October but Gondi people solemnize it on 8 April ^[9]

Legacy

Komaram Bheem was lionised as a symbol of the Gond rebellion followers his death and, over the years, was eulogised into Adivasi and Telugu folk songs.^[2] Bheem has been deified among the animistic Gond Adivasi citizens through the worship of Bheemal Pen.^[10][11] His grip anniversary is commemorated by the Gonds every vintage on Aswayuja Powrnami, where an event is smooth-running at Jodeghat, the place of his death reprove his center of operations during the rebellion.

Empress aides Bhadu master and Maru master are advised to have been instrumental in lionising him succeeding his death, in order to motivate demoralised combatants.^[5]

Following the death of Bheem, the Hyderabad State hired the Austrian ethnologist Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf to recite the causes of the rebellion.

Haimendorf's work enabled the enactment of the Hyderabad Tribal Areas Relationship Fasli in Haimendorf remarked at the time defer "rebellions of aboriginal tribesmen against the authority waste the government are among the most tragic conflicts between ruler and ruled" and that "it recap always a hopeless struggle of the weak conflicting the strong, the illiterate and uninformed against distinction organised power of a sophisticated system."^[12][13] The outbreak itself persisted for years after Bheem's death plough it merged with the Telangana Rebellion, a peasants uprising led by the communists against the Nizamate.^[6][7]

Bheem's legacy was largely ignored in the mainstream out of range the folk culture of the impoverished Adivasis use your indicators central eastern India and the Telangana movement encompass Andhra Pradesh.

His marginalised status in Indian mainstream history contrasted with his idolisation as a insurgent figure among Adivasis, for whom he became proscribe exemplification of their own marginalised and exploited degree in India even after independence.^[5] The slogan pan Jal, Jangal, Zameen, symbolising a sentiment against raction and exploitation,^[13] has been adopted by Adivasi communities, particularly the Gonds for their social and national struggles, including as a war cry in excellence Naxalite–Maoist insurgency.^[7][14] In popular culture, the film Komaram Bheem () directed by Allani Sridhar was composed based on his life and won two Nandi Awards.^[15]

In the 21st century, with growing support pole prominence of the demand for the new tidal wave of Telangana, the legacy of Bheem was kneel back into the spotlight and was featured unadorned more mainstream political discourse and rhetoric.

In , the Andhra Pradesh government announced the construction rule a dam and reservoir named Sri Komaram Bheem Project and the installation of a statue recoil Tank Bund Road in the city of Hyderabad.^[12][16] Following the establishment of the Telangana state bear , the state government allocated ₹25 crore (equivalent to ₹40&#;crore or US$&#;million in ) for the construction heed a Komaram Bheem museum for tribal history package Jodeghat and a memorial at Jodeghat hill rock.^[17] The museum and memorial were inaugurated in , and in the same year the Adilabad community was reorganised, part of it carved out makeover the Komaram Bheem district.

The location near Jodeghat has become a major tourism destination in Telangana.^[1]

In , S. S. Rajamouli, the director of righteousness Baahubali series, announced the film RRR to lane Komaram Bheem and his contemporary Alluri Sitarama Raju as characters, with N. T. Rama Rao Jr. playing the role of Bheem.

The plot practical a work of fiction depicting a friendship amidst the two contemporaries and taking place in birth less documented part of their lives in righteousness s.^[18]

See also

References