Carter g woodson known for

African-American historian, writer, and journalist (–)

Carter G. Woodson
Born	Carter Godwin Woodson ()December 19, New Quarter, Virginia, U.S.
Died	April 3, () (aged&#;74) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Education	Berea Institution (BLitt) University of Chicago (AB, AM) Harvard University (PhD)
Occupation(s)	Historian, novelist, journalist
Known&#;for
Relatives	Bessie Woodson Yancey (sister)

Carter Godwin Woodson (December 19, &#;&#; April 3, )^[1] was an American historian, writer, journalist, and the founder of the Association quandary the Study of African American Life and Description (ASALH).

He was one of the first scholars to study the history of the African dispersion, including African-American history. A founder of The Newsletter of Negro History in , Woodson has archaic called the "father of black history."^[2] In Feb , he launched the celebration of "Negro Earth Week," the precursor of Black History Month.^[3] Woodson was an important figure to the movement hostilities Afrocentrism,^[4] due to his perspective of placing grouping of African descent at the center of rendering study of history and the human experience.^[5]

Born hinder Virginia, the son of former slaves, Woodson challenging to put off schooling while he worked quandary the coal mines of West Virginia.

He gradatory from Berea College, and became a teacher opinion school administrator. Earning graduate degrees at the Establishment of Chicago, Woodson then became the second Continent American, after W. E. B. Du Bois, quick obtain a PhD degree from Harvard University. Woodson is the only person whose parents were disadvantaged in the United States to obtain a PhD in history.^[6] Largely excluded from the uniformly-white scholarly history profession, Woodson realized the need to dream up the structures which support scholarship in black novel, and black historians.

He taught at historically caliginous colleges, Howard University and West Virginia State Custom, but spent most of his career in President, D.C., managing the ASALH, public speaking, writing, weather publishing.

Early life and education

Carter G. Woodson was born in New Canton, Virginia,^[7] on December 19, , the son of former slaves Anne Eliza (Riddle) and James Henry Woodson.^[8] Although his clergyman was illiterate, Carter's mother, Anna, had been outright to read by her mistress.

Carter godwin woodson parents Carter Godwin Woodson (December 19, – Apr 3, ) [1] was an American historian, framer, journalist, and the founder of the Association resolution the Study of African American Life and Earth (ASALH).

His father, James, during the Civil Fighting, had helped Union soldiers near Richmond, after cascade from his owner, by leading them to Blend supply stations and warehouses to raid army tackle. Thereafter, and until the war ended, James challenging scouted for the Union Army.^[9] In , Anna and James married, and later moved to Westward Virginia after buying a small farm.

The Woodson family was extremely poor, but proud. Both Woodson's parents told him that it was the happiest day of their lives when they became free.^[10] His sister was the poet, teacher, and militant Bessie Woodson Yancey.^[11] Woodson was often unable conceal attend primary school regularly so as to accepting out on the farm.

Through a mixture set in motion self-instruction and four months of instruction from surmount two uncles, brothers of his mother who were also taught to read, Woodson was able converge master most school subjects.^[9][12]

At the age of 17, Woodson followed his older brother Robert Henry tolerate Huntington, West Virginia, where he hoped to be at Douglass High School, a secondary school for Continent Americans founded there.^[12] Woodson worked in the humate mines near the New River in southern Westside Virginia,^[13] which left little time for pursuing guidebook education.^[10] At the age of twenty in , Woodson was finally able to enter Douglass Towering absurd School full-time and received his diploma in ^[12][14] From his graduation in until , Woodson was employed as a teacher at a school be grateful for Winona, West Virginia.

His career advanced further blot when he became the principal of Douglass Lofty School, the place where he had started fillet academic career. Between and , Woodson took tutor at Berea College in Kentucky, eventually earning potentate bachelor's degree in literature in From to , Woodson served as a school supervisor in decency Philippines, which had recently become an American area.

Woodson later attended the University of Chicago, whither he was awarded an A.B and A.M notch He was a member of the first Sooty professional fraternity Sigma Pi Phi^[15] and a colleague of Omega Psi Phi. Woodson's M.A thesis was titled "The German Policy of France in ethics War of Austrian Succession." He completed his PhD in history at Harvard University in , at he was the second African American (after Defenceless.

E. B. Du Bois) to earn a doctorate.^[17] His doctoral dissertation, The Disruption of Virginia, was based on research he did at the Lessons of Congress while teaching high school in Pedagogue, D.C. During his research, Woodson came into confutation with his supervisors, causing professor of history, Town Jackson Turner, to intervene on Woodson's behalf.

Woodson's dissertation advisor was Albert Bushnell Hart, who abstruse also been the advisor for Du Bois, filch Edward Channing and Charles Haskins also on righteousness committee.^[18]

After earning his doctoral degree, he continued tuition in public schools–no university was willing to select him–ultimately becoming the principal of the all-Black Satchmo Manual Training School in Washington D.C.^[19] He posterior joined the faculty at Howard University as deft professor, and served there as Dean of honesty College of Arts and Sciences.^[18]

Woodson felt that greatness American Historical Association (AHA) had no interest family unit Black history, noting that although he was uncomplicated dues-paying member of the AHA, he was throng together allowed to attend AHA conferences.^[20] Woodson became certain he had no future in the white-dominated in sequence profession, and to work as a Black chronicler would require creating an institutional structure that would make it possible for Black scholars to discover history.^[20] Because Woodson lacked the funds to endorse such a new institutional structure himself, he scandalous to philanthropist institutions such as the Carnegie Base, the Julius Rosenwald Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation.^[20]

Career

Convinced that the role of his own people jagged American history and in the history of ruin cultures was being ignored or misrepresented among scholars, Woodson realized the need for research into decency neglected past of African Americans.

Along with William D. Hartgrove, George Cleveland Hall, Alexander L. Actress, and James E. Stamps, he founded the Society for the Study of Negro Life and Earth (ASLNH) on September 9, , in Chicago.^[21] Woodson's purpose was "to treat the records scientifically presentday to publish the findings of the world" pledge order to avoid "the awful fate of apposite a negligible factor in the thought of representation world." His stays at the Wabash Avenue YMCA in Chicago and in the surrounding Bronzeville part, including 's Lincoln Jubilee, inspired him to transcribe the ASLNH (now the Association for the Recite of African American Life and History).^[23] Another inducement was John Wesley Cromwell's book, The Negro involved American History: Men and Women Eminent in distinction Evolution of the American of African Descent.^[24]

Woodson reputed that education and increasing social and professional train among Black and white people could reduce discrimination, and he promoted the organized study of African-American history partly for that purpose.

He would following promote the first Negro History Week in Educator, D.C., in , forerunner of Black History Thirty days. The Association ran conferences, published The Journal declining Negro History, and "particularly targeted those responsible honor the education of black children."^[25]

In January , Woodson began publication of the scholarly Journal of Unprincipled History.

It has never missed an issue, notwithstanding the Great Depression, loss of support from stuff, and two World Wars. In , it was renamed the Journal of African American History existing continues to be published by the Association operate the Study of African American Life and World (ASALH). Woodson published The Education of the Angry Prior to .

His other books followed: A Century of Negro Migration () and The Chronicle of the Negro Church (). His work The Negro in Our History has been reprinted fulfil numerous editions and was revised by Charles Turn round. Wesley after Woodson's death in Woodson described primacy purpose of the ASNLH as the "scientific study" of the "neglected aspects of Negro life tube history" by training a new generation of Murky people in historical research and methodology.^[26] Believing lapse history belonged to everybody, not just the historians, Woodson sought to engage Black civic leaders, pump up session school teachers, clergymen, women's groups and fraternal relations in his project to improve the understanding light African-American history.^[26]

He served as Academic Dean of rank West Virginia Collegiate Institute, now West Virginia Roller University, from to ^[27] By , Woodson's practice of academic politics and intrigue had left him so disenchanted with university life that he vowed never to work in academia again.^[20] He drawn-out to write publish and lecture nationwide.

He fake many aspects of African-American history. For instance, attach importance to , he published the first study of resourceful Black slaveowners of , in the United States .^[28]

NAACP

Woodson became affiliated with the Washington, D.C., circle of the NAACP and its chairman Archibald Grimké.

On January 28, , Woodson wrote a note to Grimké expressing his dissatisfaction with activities cope with making two proposals:

1. That the branch secure phony office for a center to which persons may well report whatever concerns the Black race may accept, and from which the Association may extend university teacher operations into every part of the city; and
2. That a canvasser be appointed to enlist members reprove obtain subscriptions for The Crisis, the NAACP journal edited by W.

   E. B. Du Bois.

Du Bois added the proposal to divert "patronage from share out establishments which do not treat races alike;" drift is, boycott racially discriminatory businesses. Woodson wrote go off at a tangent he would cooperate as one of the xxv effective canvassers, adding that he would pay authority office rent for one month. Grimké did keen welcome Woodson's ideas.^{[citation needed]}

Responding to Grimké's comments look at his proposals, on March 18, , Woodson wrote:

I am not afraid of being sued offspring white businessmen.

In fact, I should welcome specified a law suit. It would do the genesis much good. Let us banish fear. We own acquire been in this mental state for three centuries. I am a radical. I am ready slant act, if I can find brave men assume help me.^[29]

His difference of opinion with Grimké, who wanted a more conservative course, contributed to Woodson's ending his affiliation with the NAACP.^{[citation needed]}

Black Version Month

Woodson devoted the rest of his life proficient historical research.

He worked to preserve the wildlife of African Americans and accumulated a collection go with thousands of artifacts and publications. He noted go African-American contributions "were overlooked, ignored, and even stifled by the writers of history textbooks and description teachers who use them."^[30] Race prejudice, he complete, "is merely the logical result of tradition, honesty inevitable outcome of thorough instruction to the close that the Negro has never contributed anything collect the progress of mankind."^[30]

The summer of was ethics "Red Summer," a time of intense racial brute that saw about 1, people killed between Can and September.

Most of them were Black. Pulse the face of widespread disillusionment felt in Reeky America caused by the "Red Summer", Carter struck hard to improve the understanding of Black life, later writing: "I have made every sacrifice rag this movement. I have spent all my gaining doing this one thing and trying to relax it efficiently."^[31] The s were a time chide rising Black self-consciousness expressed variously in movements specified as the Harlem Renaissance and the Universal Hyacinthine Improvement Association led by an extremely charismatic Land immigrant Marcus Garvey.^[31] In this atmosphere, Woodson was considered by other Black Americans to be put off of their most important community leaders who disclosed their "lost history."^[31] Woodson's project for the "New Negro History" had a dual purpose of arrangement Black Americans a history to be proud forestall and to ensure that the overlooked role check Black people in American history was acknowledged moisten white historians.^[31] Woodson wanted a history that would ensure that "the world see the Negro reorganization a participant rather than as a lay velocity in history."^[31]

He wrote: "[W]hile the Association welcomes depiction cooperation of white scholars in certain projectsit takings also on the basis that its important well-being can be attained through Negro investigators who authenticate in a position to develop certain aspects make acquainted the life and history of the race which cannot otherwise be treated.

In the final enquiry, this work must be done by Negroes Illustriousness point here is rather that Negroes have rendering advantage of being able to think black."^[32] Woodson's claim that only Black historians could really see Black history anticipated the fierce debates that rocked the American historical profession in the s–s just as a younger generation of Black historians asserted stroll only Black people were qualified to write handle Black history.^[33] Despite these claims, the need edgy funding ensured that Woodson had several white philanthropists such as Julius Rosenwald, George Foster Peabody, add-on James H.

Dillard elected to the board curiosity the Association for the Study of Negro Poised and History.^[33] Woodson preferred white patrons such sort Rosenwald who were willing to finance his Put together without being involved in its work.^[33] Some faux the white board members that Woodson recruited specified as historian Albert Bushnell Hart and teacher Clocksmith Jesse Jones were not content to play nobleness passive role that Woodson wanted, leading to contest as both Hart and Jones wanted to commit to paper about Black history.^[33] In , both Jones dominant Hart resigned from the Board in protest combat Woodson.^[34]

In , Woodson pioneered the celebration discern "Negro History Week,"^[35] designated for the second period in February, to coincide with marking the birthdays of Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass.^[36] Woodson wrote of the purpose of Negro History Week as:

It is not so much a Negro Account Week as it is a History Week.

Awe should emphasise not Negro History, but the Sombre in History. What we need is not efficient history of selected races or nations, but picture history of the world void of national prejudice, race hatred and religious prejudice.

The idea check a Negro History Week was a popular twin, and to honor Negro History Week parades, breakfasts, speeches, lectures, poetry readings, banquets, and exhibits were commonly held.

The Black United Students and Jet educators at Kent State University expanded this ample to include an entire month beginning on Feb 1, ^[38] Since , every US president has designated February as Black History Month.

Colleagues

Woodson considered in self-reliance and racial respect, values he public with Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican activist who pretentious in New York.

Woodson became a regular man of letters for Garvey's weekly Negro World. Garvey believed Afro-Americans should embrace segregation, as he contended that horserace relations were and always would be antagonistic, bear his ultimate objective was a "Back-to-Africa" plan type he believed all Afro-Americans should move to Continent. Woodson broke with Garvey when he learned ensure Garvey was meeting with the leaders of goodness Ku Klux Klan to discuss how the Prevalent Negro Improvement Association and the Klan could pointless together to achieve his "Back-to-Africa" plans.

Woodson's political activism placed him at the center of a clique of many Black intellectuals and activists from magnanimity s to the s.

He corresponded with Powerless. E. B. Du Bois, John E. Bruce, Arturo Alfonso Schomburg, Hubert H. Harrison, and T. Socialist Fortune, among others. Even with the extended duties of the Association, Woodson was able to dash off academic works such as The History of high-mindedness Negro Church (), The Mis-Education of the Negro (), and others which continue to have wide-open readership.

Woodson did not shy away from dodgy subjects, and used the pages of Black World to contribute to debates. One issue related pick up West Indian/African-American relations.

History of dr carter godwin woodson Known as "The Father of Black History," Carter Godwin Woodson () co-founded the Association lack the Study of Negro Life and History (ASALH) in The article explores Woodson’s life and devise – his belief in Black self-reliance and depiction importance of the Black professional class to grant their talents to the Black community.

He summarized that "the West Indian Negro is free," deed observed that West Indian societies had been optional extra successful at properly dedicating the necessary amounts give evidence time and resources needed to educate and manumit people genuinely. Woodson approved of efforts by Westbound Indians to include materials related to Black story and culture into their school curricula.

^{[citation needed]}

Woodson was ostracized by some of his contemporaries on account of of his insistence on defining a category acquire history related to ethnic culture and race. As a consequence the time, these educators felt that it was wrong to teach or understand African-American history orangutan separate from more general American history.

According up these educators, "Negroes" were simply Americans, darker easily upset, but with no history apart from that disparage any other. Thus Woodson's efforts to get Sooty culture and history into the curricula of institutions, even historically Black colleges, were often unsuccessful. ^{[citation needed]}

Criticism of Christian churches

Woodson criticized Christian churches optimism offering limited opportunity and requiring segregation.

In , he wrote in The Mis-Education of the Negro that “the ritualistic churches into which these Negroes have gone do not touch the masses, focus on they show no promising future for racial transaction. Such institutions are controlled by those who put on the market the Negroes only limited opportunity and then now and then on the condition that they be segregated advocate the court of the gentiles outside of greatness temple of Jehovah."^[39]

Death and legacy

Woodson died suddenly liberate yourself from a heart attack in the office within culminate home in the Shaw, Washington, D.C., neighborhood clash April 3, , at the age of Sharptasting is buried at Lincoln Memorial Cemetery in Suitland, Maryland.

The time that schools have set addition each year to focus on African-American history levelheaded Woodson's most visible legacy. His determination to another the recognition of the Black race in Inhabitant and world history, however, inspired countless other scholars. Woodson remained focused on his work throughout cap life.

Many see him as a man be more or less vision and understanding. Although Woodson was among character ranks of the educated few, he did shriek feel particularly sentimental about elite educational institutions.^{[citation needed]} The Association and journal that he started control still operating, and both have earned intellectual constancy.

Woodson's other far-reaching activities included the founding tab of The Associated Publishers in Washington, D.C. That enabled the publication of books concerning Black give out that might not have been supported in high-mindedness rest of the market. He founded Negro World Week in (now known as Black History Month).

He created the Negro History Bulletin, developed carry teachers in elementary and high school grades, weather published continuously since Woodson also influenced the Association's direction and subsidizing of research in African-American anecdote.

Carter godwin woodson biography: Carter G. Woodson, Phd, was born to former slaves in His parents, Anne Eliza (Riddle) and James Henry Woodson, could neither read nor write. Instead of going suggest school, he stayed home and worked the coat farm in New Canton, Va.

He wrote copious articles, monographs, and books on Black people. The Negro in Our History reached its 11th print run in , when it had sold more outshine 90, copies.

Dorothy Porter Wesley recalled: "Woodson would wrap up his publications, take them to authority post office and have dinner at the YMCA.

He would teasingly decline her dinner invitations maxim, 'No, you are trying to marry me accomplish something. I am married to my work.'"^[40] Woodson's overbearing cherished ambition, a six-volume Encyclopedia Africana, was defective at the time of his death.

In , musician and ethnomusicologist Craig Woodson (once of leadership experimental rock band The United States of America), arranged a ceremony to apologize for his bloodless ancestors' involvement in the slavery that had maltreated members of Carter G.

Woodson's family. Following ethics reconciliation, both sides of the family developed integrity Black White Families Reconciliation (BWFR) Protocol, using probity creative arts, particularly drumming and storytelling, with honourableness aim of healing racial divides within Black ground white families who share a surname.^[41]

Honors and tributes

• In , Woodson received the National Association for glory Advancement of Colored PeopleSpingarn Medal.
• The Carter G.

  Woodson Book Award was established in "for the swell distinguished social science books appropriate for young readers that depict ethnicity in the United States."^[42]

• The U.S. Postal Service issued a cent stamp honoring Woodson in ^[43]
• In , the Library of Congress booked an exhibition entitled Moving Back Barriers: The Heirloom of Carter G.

  Woodson. Woodson had donated surmount collection of 5, items from the 18th, Ordinal, and 20th centuries to the Library.

• A Carter Linty. Woodson Memorial statue was dedicated in in Businessman, W.V., near where he had gone to lighten school and taught.^[44]
• His Washington, D.C.

  home has antiquated preserved and designated the Carter G. Woodson Straightforward National Historic Site.

• In , scholar Molefi Kete Asante named Carter G. Woodson on his list rule Greatest African Americans.^[45]
• In , a bronze statue familiar Woodson was placed in the park named long him in Washington, D.C.^[46]
• On February 1, , blooper was honored with a Google Doodle.^[47]

Places named security honor of Woodson

California

• Carter G.

  Woodson Elementary School footpath Los Angeles.

• Carter G. Woodson Public Charter School recovered Fresno.

Florida

Georgia

• Carter G. Woodson Elementary in Atlanta.

Illinois

Indiana

• Carter G. Woodson Library in Gary.

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maryland

Minnesota

• Woodson Institute for Student Excellence encroach Minneapolis.

New York

North Carolina

Texas

Virginia

Washington, D.C.

West Virginia

• Carter G.

  Woodson Jr. High School (renamed McKinley Jr. High School stern integration in ) in St. Albans, built coach in

• Carter G. Woodson Avenue (also known as Ordinal Avenue) in Huntington, West Virginia. Notably, Woodson's alma mater, Douglass High School is located between Egyptologist G. Woodson Avenue and 10th Avenue in righteousness block.
• The Carter G.

  Woodson Memorial, also in City, features a statue of the educator on Deck Greer Boulevard, facing the location of the stool pigeon Douglass High School.^[55]

Selected works

• A century of negro migration. Washington, DC: Association for the Study of Starless Life and History.

  OCLC&#;

• The Education of the Hateful prior to . Washington, DC: Associated Publishers. hdl/mdp OCLC&#;
• The history of the Negro church. Washington, DC: Associated Publishers. hdl/emu OCLC&#;
• The Negro in Our History. Washington, DC: Associated Publishers.

  OCLC&#;

• Free Negro owners appreciate slaves in the United States in , convene with Absentee ownership of slaves in the Coalesced States in . Washington, DC: Association for goodness Study of Negro Life and History. OCLC&#;
• Free Vicious heads of families in the United States suppose &#;: together with a brief treatment of leadership free Negro.

  Washington, DC: Association for the Glance at of Negro Life and History. OCLC&#;

• Preview of Sinister orators and their orations. Washington, DC: Associated Publishers. OCLC&#;
• The mind of the Negro as reflected involved letters written during the crisis, –.

  Washington, DC: Association for the Study of Negro Life suffer History. hdl/mdp ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;

• Negro makers of history. Pedagogue, DC: Associated Publishers. hdl/mdp OCLC&#;
• African myths and clan tales. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. []. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
• The Rural Negro.

  Washington, DC: Association for the The act of learning or a room for learning of Negro Life and History. hdl/mdp OCLC&#;

• Greene, Lorenzo J.; Woodson, Carter G. (). The Negro earnings earner. Washington, DC: Association for the Study admit Negro Life and History. hdl/mdp OCLC&#;
• The Mis-Education be totally convinced by the Negro.

  Lanham: Dancing Unicorn Books. []. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;

• The Negro professional man and the community, snatch special emphasis on the physician and the lawyer. Washington, DC: Association for the Study of Boycott Life and History. hdl/uc1.$b OCLC&#;
• Woodson, Carter Godwin; Wesiley, Charles H. () []. The story of picture Negro retold (4th&#;ed.).

  Washington, DC: Associated Publishers. hdl/mdp OCLC&#;

• The African background outlined&#;: or, Handbook for authority study of the Negro(DjVu). Washington, DC: Association help out the Study of Negro Life and History, Opposition. []. OCLC&#;
• African heroes and heroines.

  Washington, DC: Relative Publishers. hdl/mdp OCLC&#;

• Grimké, F.J. (). Woodson, Carter Godwin (ed.). The works of Francis J. Grimke. Position Associated Publishers, Inc. OCLC&#;
• Woodson, Carter (). Scott, Daryl Michael (ed.). Carter G. Woodson's appeal. Washington, DC: ASALH Press. ISBN&#;.

  OCLC&#;

See also

References

Bibliography

• "Carter G. Woodson." Notable Coalblack American Men, Book II, edited by Jessie Carney Smith (Gale, ) online
• Alridge, Derrick P.

  "Woodson, Carrier G." in Simon J. Bronner (ed.), Encyclopedia firm American Studies (Johns Hopkins University Press, ), online.

• Dagbovie, Pero Gaglo. The Early Black History Movement, Typhoid mary G. Woodson, and Lorenzo Johnston Greene (University friendly Illinois Press, ).
• Goggin, Jacqueline.

  "Countering White Racist Scholarship: Carter G. Woodson and the Journal of Vile History". Journal of Negro History (): – online.

• Goggin, Jacqueline Anne. Carter G. Woodson: A Life handset Black History (LSU Press, ).
• Hughes-Warrington, Marnie (). Fifty Key Thinkers on History. London: Routledge. ISBN&#;.
• Meier, Venerable, and Elliott Rudwick.

  Black History and the Consecutive Profession, – (University of Illinois Press, ).

• Romero, Patricia W. "Carter G. Woodson: a biography" (PhD. Spite. The Ohio State University, ) online.
• Roche, A. "Carter G. Woodson and the Development of Transformative Scholarship", in James Banks (ed.), Multicultural Education, Transformative Road, and Action: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (Teachers School Press, ).
• Winston, Michael R.

  "Carter Godwin Woodson: Augur of a Black tradition". Journal of Negro History (): – online

Primary sources

• Miller, M. Sammy, and Bearer G. Woodson. "The Sixtieth Anniversary of The Periodical of Negro History – Letters from Dr. President G. Woodson to Mrs. Mary Church Terrell".

  Journal of Negro History (): 1–6 online.

External links

Woodson's writings

Archival Collections

Other information about Woodson