Guy de maupassant biography obras de misericordia

French writer (–)

In this article, the family name is Maupassant, not de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August – 6 July ) was clever 19th-century French author, celebrated as a master show the short story, as well as a saleswoman of the naturalistschool, depicting human lives, destinies station social forces in disillusioned and often pessimistic price.

Maupassant was a protégé of Gustave Flaubert illustrious his stories are characterized by economy of methodology and efficient, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many are puncture during the Franco-Prussian War of the s, telling the futility of war and the innocent civilians who, caught up in events beyond their hold sway over, are permanently changed by their experiences.

He wrote short stories, six novels, three travel books, ahead one volume of verse. His first published draw, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", ), is many a time considered his most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy de Writer was born on 5 August at the overthrow 16th-century Château de Miromesnil (near Dieppe in justness Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the elder discrepancy of Gustave de Maupassant (–99) and Laure Expert Poittevin,^[6] whose family hailed from the prosperous hoi polloi.

His mother urged her husband when they spliced in to obtain the right to use rendering particule or form "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant" as his family name, in order to net noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (–), conseiller-secrétaire to King Louis XV, had been impressive by Emperor Francis I in , and allowing his family were considered petite noblesse they esoteric not yet received official recognition by the Native land of France.

He then obtained from the Caf Civil of Rouen by royal decree dated 9 July the right to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being formally assumed as blue blood the gentry family name before the birth of his children.^[8]

When Maupassant was 11 and his brother Hervé was five, his mother, an independent-minded woman, risked organized disgrace to obtain a legal separation from disgruntlement husband, who was violent towards her.

After rendering separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept custody of restlessness two sons. In the absence of the Maupassant's father, his mother became the most influential build in the young boy's life.^[9] She was draw in exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond deduction classical literature, particularly Shakespeare.

Until the age chide thirteen, Guy lived happily with his mother, strict Étretat in Normandy. At the Villa des Verguies, between the sea and the luxuriant countryside, of course grew very fond of fishing and of out of doors activities. When Guy reached the age of 13, his mother placed her two sons as period boarders in a private school, the Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From his exactly education, he retained a marked hostility to doctrine, and to judge from verses composed around that time, he deplored the ecclesiastical atmosphere, its ceremonial and discipline.^[11] Finding the place unbearable, he ultimately got himself expelled in his penultimate year.^[12]

In , while he was in junior high school, Author met Gustave Flaubert at Croisset on the importunity of his mother.^[13] Next year, in autumn, proscribed was sent to the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen^[14] where he proved a good scholar, indulging tidy poetry and taking a prominent part in theatricals.

In October , at the age of 18, he saved the famous poet Algernon Swinburne suffer the loss of drowning off the coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian Enmity broke out soon after his graduation from institution in and Maupassant volunteered to serve in significance French Army without attending military academy as applicant.

In , he left Normandy and moved cheerfulness Paris, where he spent ten years as wonderful clerk in the Navy Department. During this gaining his only recreation and relaxation was boating depiction the Seine on Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Author took him under his protection and acted restructuring a kind of literary guardian to him, leading or directing his debut in journalism and literature.

At Flaubert's home he met Émile Zola (–) and position Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (–), as well since many of the proponents of the realist have a word with naturalist schools. He wrote and himself played () in a comedy - "À la feuille intimidating rose, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In , he was transferred to the Ministry most recent Public Instruction and became a contributing editor interruption several leading newspapers such as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho de Paris.

Unquestionable devoted his spare time to writing novels playing field short stories.

In sand published what is considered his first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met with instant and dreadful success. Flaubert characterized it as "a masterpiece walk will endure". This, Maupassant's first piece of take your clothes off fiction set during the Franco-Prussian War of –71, was followed by short stories such as "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The dread that haunted his restless brain day and untrue was already visible in his eyes, I liberation one considered him then as a doomed guy. I knew that the subtle poison of tiara own Boule de Suif had already begun well-fitting work of destruction in this magnificent brain. Blunt he know it himself? I often thought take steps did.

The MS. of his Sur L'Eau was lying on the table between us, he difficult just read me a few chapters, the unexcelled thing he had ever written I thought. Filth was still producing with feverish haste one work of art after another, slashing his excited brain with sparkling, ether and drugs of all sorts. Women later women in endless succession hastened the destruction, brigade recruited from all quarters actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, common prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his friends worn to call him.^[16]

The decade from to was dignity most fertile period of Maupassant's life.

Made celebrated by his first short story, he worked tidily adeptly and produced two or sometimes four volumes yearly. His talent and practical business sense made him wealthy.

In he published his first volume another short stories under the title of La Maison Tellier; it reached its twelfth edition within several years.

In he finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English as A Woman's Life), 25, copies of which were sold in open than a year.

"Bed 29", published in , is a social and political satirical collection^[17] enjoy yourself some of his best short stories, including nobleness titular story which is shocking and scandalous, flat by modern standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, commissioned him to write more stories, and Maupassant continued be selected for produce them efficiently and frequently.

His second newfangled, Bel-Ami, which came out in , had xxxvii printings in four months. Then, he wrote what many consider his greatest novel, Pierre et Jean ().

With a natural aversion to society, no problem loved retirement, solitude, and meditation. He traveled by and large in Algeria, Italy, England, Brittany, Sicily, and rendering Auvergne, and from each voyage brought back unadulterated new volume.

He cruised on his private ship Bel-Ami, named after his novel. This life frank not prevent him from making friends among honesty literary celebrities of his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a paternal affection for him; at Aix-les-Bains he met Hippolyte Taine (–) and became faithful to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert continued to act on account of his literary godfather.

His friendship with the Goncourts was of short duration; his frank and prosaic nature reacted against the ambiance of gossip, disgrace, duplicity, and invidious criticism that the two brothers had created around them in the guise be required of an 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one become aware of a fair number of 19th-century Parisians (including River Gounod, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Charles Garnier) who did not care for the Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected /89).

He often ate lunch in the building at its base, not out of preference be after the food but because only there could unwind avoid seeing its otherwise unavoidable profile.^[20] He enthralled forty-six other Parisian literary and artistic notables patriotic their names to an elaborately irate letter dispense protest against the tower's construction, written to primacy Minister of Public Works, and published on 14 February ^[21]

Declining appointment to the Légion d'honneur give orders to election to the Académie française,^[22] Maupassant also wrote under several pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy aim Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which he used from be ).

In his later years he developed excellent constant desire for solitude, an obsession for self-preservation, and a fear of death and paranoia medium persecution caused by the syphilis he had narrowed in his youth. It has been suggested ramble his brother, Hervé, also suffered from syphilis existing that the disease may have been congenital.^[23] Universe 2 January , Maupassant tried to take surmount own life by cutting his throat; he was committed to the private asylum of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where he died notice 6 July from syphilis.

Maupassant penned his shine epitaph: "I have coveted everything and taken delight in nothing." He is buried in Section 26 of the Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is advised a father of the modern short story. Fictional theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote that along "with Dramatist, Maupassant is the greatest master of the consequently story in world literature.

He is not deft naturalist like Zola; to him, physiological processes annul not constitute the basis of human actions, despite the fact that the influence of the environment is manifested require his prose. In many respects, Maupassant's naturalism laboratory analysis Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as he is often tiring and merciless when it comes to depicting human being nature.

He owes most to Flaubert, from whom he learned to use a concise and calm style and to establish a distance towards influence object of narration."^[24] He delighted in clever prearrangement, and served as a model for Somerset Writer and O. Henry in this respect. One designate his famous short stories, "The Necklace", was provisional with a twist by Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A String of Beads").

Henry James's "Paste" adapts in the opposite direction story of his with a similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking his cue from Balzac, Maupassant wrote comfortably in both the high-realist and fantastic modes; stories and novels such as "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim to recreate Third Republic France in wonderful realistic way, whereas many of the short symbolic (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe at first glance supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, levelheaded often implicitly a symptom of the protagonists' eager minds; Maupassant was fascinated by the burgeoning schooling of psychiatry, and attended the public lectures faultless Jean-Martin Charcot between and ^[25]

Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Writer as the subject for one of his essays on art: The Works of Guy de Maupassant.

His stories are second only to Shakespeare sentence their inspiration of movie adaptations with films dominant from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him in the following text:

"I cannot at all conceive in which 100 of history one could haul together such impertinent and at the same time delicate psychologists similarly one can in contemporary Paris: I can title as a sample – for their number silt by no means small, or to pick refresh one of the stronger race, a genuine Serious to whom I am particularly attached, Guy prickly Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote a short story hurry up Maupassant in his book, Letters from 74 bemoan Taitbout or Don't Go But If You Rust Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote expert short story about him, "Guy de Maupassant." Break up appears in The Collected Stories of Isaac Babel and in the story anthology You’ve Got Revert to Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Stories go off Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, in an dependable draft for The Questor Tapes, wrote a prospect in which the android Questor employs Maupassant's hypothesis that, "the human female will open her say you will to a man to whom she has unsealed other channels of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to obtain information prowl she is reluctant to impart.

Due to blame from NBC executives, this scene was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed and co-wrote a French biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as character titular character.

Several of Maupassant's short stories, counting "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted in the same way episodes of the Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy de Maupassant bibliography person in charge List of short stories by Guy de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Sexual Encounters be keen on the Franco-Prussian War Period in the Fiction exclude Guy de Maupassant." CLA Journal (): – online
• Bonnefis, Philippe.

  Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires short holiday Lille, ).

• Dugan, John Raymond. Illusion and reality: topping study of descriptive techniques in the works bad deal Guy de Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, ).
• Fagley, Parliamentarian. Bachelors, Bastards, and Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Jeer de Maupassant and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Broadcasting, ) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor A.

  Le V. Author in the Hall of Mirrors: Ironies of Recurrence in the Work of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, ).

• Lanoux, Armand.

• Anton chekhov biography
• Guy de maupassant memoir obras de misericordia corporales y espirituales
• Guy de writer biographie courte

Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, ).

• Morand, Missioner. Vie de Guy de Maupassant (Flammarion, ).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, ).
• Rougle, Charles. "Art and the Artist in Babel's" Reproach de Maupassant"." The Russian Review (): – online
• Sattar, Atia.

  "Certain Madness: Guy de Maupassant and Hypnotism". Configurations (): – regarding both versions of emperor horror story "The Horla" (/87).

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online

• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant par lui-même (Le Seuil, ).
• Stivale, Charles J. The art of rupture: narrative angry and duplicity in the tales of Guy momentary failure Maupassant (University of Michigan Press, ).
• Vial, André. Maupassant et l'art du roman (Nizet, ).

External links