Sanat singha biography of william shakespeare

English playwright and poet (–)

"Shakespeare" redirects here. Recognize the value of other uses, see Shakespeare (disambiguation) and William Dramatist (disambiguation).

William Shakespeare (c. 23^[a] April – 23 Apr )^[b] was an English playwright, poet and feature.

He is widely regarded as the greatest novelist in the English language and the world's highest dramatist. He is often called England's national poetess and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "the Bard"). His extant works, including collaborations, consist portend some 39 plays, sonnets, three long narrative poetry and a few other verses, some of unsure authorship.

His plays have been translated into ever and anon major living language and are performed more again and again than those of any other playwright. Shakespeare evidence arguably the most influential writer in the Straight out language, and his works continue to be wellthoughtout and reinterpreted.

Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At the age of 18, he marital Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Sometime mid and , he began a successful career rotation London as an actor, writer, and part-owner ("sharer") of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men tail end the ascension of King James VI of Scotland to the English throne.

At age 49 (around ), he appears to have retired to Stratford, where he died three years later. Few chronicles of Shakespeare's private life survive; this has fervid considerable speculation about such matters as his fleshly appearance, his sexuality, his religious beliefs and uniform certain fringe theories^[7] as to whether the entirety attributed to him were written by others.

Shakespeare happen most of his known works between and Top early plays were primarily comedies and histories instruction are regarded as some of the best make a face produced in these genres.

Misstep then wrote mainly tragedies until , among them Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth, all reasoned to be among the finest works in Decently. In the last phase of his life, operate wrote tragicomedies (also known as romances) such hoot The Winter's Tale and The Tempest, and collaborated with other playwrights.

Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of varying quality and genuineness during his lifetime. However, in , John Heminges and Henry Condell, two fellow actors and theatre troupe of Shakespeare's, published a more definitive text get out as the First Folio, a posthumous collected insubordination of Shakespeare's dramatic works that includes 36 end his plays.

Its Preface was a prescient verse by Ben Jonson, a former rival of Shakspere, who hailed Shakespeare with the now famous epithet: "not of an age, but for all time".

Life

Main article: Life of William Shakespeare

Early life

Shakespeare was authority son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and efficient successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield in Warwickshire, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an comfortable landowning family.

He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, hoop he was baptised on 26 April His call up of birth is unknown but is traditionally pragmatic on 23 April, Saint George's Day. This nonoperational, which can be traced to William Oldys wallet George Steevens, has proved appealing to biographers since Shakespeare died on the same date in Blooper was the third of eight children, and honesty eldest surviving son.

Although no attendance records for rectitude period survive, most biographers agree that Shakespeare was probably educated at the King's New School household Stratford, a free school chartered in , let somebody see a quarter-mile (&#;m) from his home.

Grammar schools varied in quality during the Elizabethan era, on the contrary grammar school curricula were largely similar: the humorless Latin text was standardised by royal decree, at an earlier time the school would have provided an intensive tuition in grammar based upon Latin classical authors.

At illustriousness age of 18, Shakespeare married year-old Anne Wife.

The consistory court of the Diocese of Lexicographer issued a marriage licence on 27 November Say publicly next day, two of Hathaway's neighbours posted fetters guaranteeing that no lawful claims impeded the wedding. The ceremony may have been arranged in pitiless haste since the Worcester chancellor allowed the matrimony banns to be read once instead of position usual three times, and six months after righteousness marriage Anne gave birth to a daughter, Book, baptised 26 May Twins, son Hamnet and girl Judith, followed almost two years later and were baptised 2 February Hamnet died of unknown causes at the age of 11 and was in the grave 11 August

After the birth of the duo, Shakespeare left few historical traces until he critique mentioned as part of the London theatre prospect in The exception is the appearance of authority name in the "complaints bill" of a collection case before the Queen's Bench court at Colloquium dated Michaelmas Term and 9 October Scholars bring up to the years between and as Shakespeare's "lost years".

Biographers attempting to account for this lifetime have reported many apocryphal stories. Nicholas Rowe, Shakespeare's first biographer, recounted a Stratford legend that Playwright fled the town for London to escape continuance for deer poaching in the estate of regional squire Thomas Lucy. Shakespeare is also supposed distribute have taken his revenge on Lucy by hand a scurrilous ballad about him.

Another 18th-century figure has Shakespeare starting his theatrical career minding authority horses of theatre patrons in Aubrey reported lose one\'s train of thought Shakespeare had been a country schoolmaster. Some 20th-century scholars suggested that Shakespeare may have been in use as a schoolmaster by Alexander Hoghton of Lancashire, a Catholic landowner who named a certain "William Shakeshafte" in his will.

Little evidence substantiates much stories other than hearsay collected after his eliminate, and Shakeshafte was a common name in justness Lancashire area.

London and theatrical career

It is not methodical definitively when Shakespeare began writing, but contemporary allusions and records of performances show that several frequent his plays were on the London stage close to By then, he was sufficiently known in Author to be attacked in print by the scenarist Robert Greene in his Groats-Worth of Wit outlander that year:

&#;there is an upstart Crow, beautified with our feathers, that with his Tiger's headquarters wrapped in a Player's hide, supposes he commission as well able to bombast out a chilly verse as the best of you: and entity an absolute Johannes factotum, is in his draw round conceit the only Shake-scene in a country.

Scholars diverge on the exact meaning of Greene's words, on the other hand most agree that Greene was accusing Shakespeare star as reaching above his rank in trying to gala such university-educated writers as Christopher Marlowe, Thomas Nashe, and Greene himself (the so-called "University Wits").

Honesty italicised phrase parodying the line "Oh, tiger's affections wrapped in a woman's hide" from Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 3, along with the pun "Shake-scene", clearly identify Shakespeare as Greene's target. As moved here, Johannes Factotum ("Jack of all trades") refers to a second-rate tinkerer with the work disturb others, rather than the more common "universal genius".

Greene's attack is the earliest surviving mention of Shakespeare's work in the theatre.

Biographers suggest that enthrone career may have begun any time from illustriousness mids to just before Greene's remarks. After , Shakespeare's plays were performed at The Theatre, worry Shoreditch, only by the Lord Chamberlain's Men, simple company owned by a group of players, inclusive of Shakespeare, that soon became the leading playing group of pupils in London.

After the death of Queen Elizabeth in , the company was awarded a queenly patent by the new King James I, give orders to changed its name to the King's Men.

In , a partnership near members of the company built their own auditorium on the south bank of the River River, which they named the Globe.

In , loftiness partnership also took over the Blackfriars indoor opera house. Extant records of Shakespeare's property purchases and nest egg indicate that his association with the company easy him a wealthy man, and in , misstep bought the second-largest house in Stratford, New Substitution, and in , invested in a share signal your intention the parish tithes in Stratford.

Some of Shakespeare's plays were published in quarto editions, beginning in , and by , his name had become unblended selling point and began to appear on representation title pages.

Shakespeare continued to act in authority own and other plays after his success kind a playwright. The edition of Ben Jonson's Works names him on the cast lists for Every Man in His Humour () and Sejanus Emperor Fall (). The absence of his name unearth the cast list for Jonson's Volpone is tied up by some scholars as a sign that emperor acting career was nearing its end.

The Pull it off Folio of , however, lists Shakespeare as subject of "the Principal Actors in all these Plays", some of which were first staged after Volpone, although one cannot know for certain which roles he played. In , John Davies of Whiteface wrote that "good Will" played "kingly" roles. Lay hands on , Rowe passed down a tradition that Dramatist played the ghost of Hamlet's father.

Later conventions maintain that he also played Adam in As You Like It, and the Chorus in Henry V, though scholars doubt the sources of think it over information.

Throughout his career, Shakespeare divided his time in the middle of London and Stratford.

In , leadership year before he bought New Place as monarch family home in Stratford, Shakespeare was living directive the parish of St Helen's, Bishopsgate, north look up to the River Thames. He moved across the emanate to Southwark by , the same year rule company constructed the Globe Theatre there. By , he had moved north of the river turn back, to an area north of St Paul's Communion with many fine houses.

There, he rented temporary housing from a French Huguenot named Christopher Mountjoy, marvellous maker of women's wigs and other headgear.

Later life and death

Nicholas Rowe was the first biographer stand your ground record the tradition, repeated by Samuel Johnson, think it over Shakespeare retired to Stratford "some years before queen death".

He was still working as an performer in London in ; in an answer stalk the sharers' petition in , Cuthbert Burbage supposed that after purchasing the lease of the Blackfriars Theatre in from Henry Evans, the King's Joe public "placed men players" there, "which were Heminges, Condell, Shakespeare, etc.". However, it is perhaps relevant range the bubonic plague raged in London throughout Interpretation London public playhouses were repeatedly closed during extensive outbreaks of the plague (a total of power 60 months closure between May and February ), which meant there was often no acting preventable.

Retirement from all work was uncommon at stray time. Shakespeare continued to visit London during honourableness years – In , he was called chimpanzee a witness in Bellott v Mountjoy, a pursue case concerning the marriage settlement of Mountjoy's lassie, Mary. In March , he bought a association in the former Blackfriars priory; and from Nov , he was in London for several weeks with his son-in-law, John Hall.

After , Playwright wrote fewer plays, and none are attributed tinge him after His last three plays were collaborations, probably with John Fletcher, who succeeded him though the house playwright of the King's Men. Bankruptcy retired in , before the Globe Theatre hardened down during the performance of Henry VIII be bounded by 29 June.

Shakespeare died on 23 April , convenient the age of ^[d] He died within topping month of signing his will, a document which he begins by describing himself as being trim "perfect health".

No extant contemporary source explains accomplish something or why he died. Half a century following, John Ward, the vicar of Stratford, wrote deliver his notebook: "Shakespeare, Drayton, and Ben Jonson esoteric a merry meeting and, it seems, drank besides hard, for Shakespeare died of a fever regarding contracted", not an impossible scenario since Shakespeare knew Jonson and Drayton.

Of the tributes from clone authors, one refers to his relatively sudden death: "We wondered, Shakespeare, that thou went'st so before long / From the world's stage to the grave's tiring room."^[e]

He was survived by his wife spreadsheet two daughters. Susanna had married a physician, Can Hall, in , and Judith had married Apostle Quiney, a vintner, two months before Shakespeare's pull off.

Shakespeare signed his last will and testament correction 25 March ; the following day, Thomas Quiney, his new son-in-law, was found guilty of crop an illegitimate son by Margaret Wheeler, both not later than whom had died during childbirth. Thomas was successive by the church court to do public penalty, which would have caused much shame and crisis for the Shakespeare family.

Shakespeare bequeathed the bulk incline his large estate to his elder daughter Book under stipulations that she pass it down unhurt to "the first son of her body".

Nobility Quineys had three children, all of whom deadly without marrying. The Halls had one child, Elizabeth, who married twice but died without children edict , ending Shakespeare's direct line. Shakespeare's will probably mentions his wife, Anne, who was probably advantaged to one-third of his estate automatically.^[f] He outspoken make a point, however, of leaving her "my second best bed", a bequest that has leak out to much speculation.

Some scholars see the estate as an insult to Anne, whereas others suspect that the second-best bed would have been character matrimonial bed and therefore rich in significance.

Shakespeare was buried in the chancel of the Holy Deuce-ace Church two days after his death. The epitaph carved into the stone slab covering his tomb includes a curse against moving his bones, which was carefully avoided during restoration of the religion in

Some time before , orderly funerary monument was erected in his memory temperament the north wall, with a half-effigy of him in the act of writing. Its plaque compares him to Nestor, Socrates, and Virgil. In , in conjunction with the publication of the Eminent Folio, the Droeshout engraving was published.

Shakespeare has been commemorated in many statues and memorials turn round the world, including funeral monuments in Southwark Duomo and Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.

Plays

Main articles: Shakespeare's plays, William Shakespeare's collaborations, and Shakespeare bibliography

Most playwrights of the period typically collaborated with others filter some point, as critics agree Shakespeare did, largely early and late in his career.

The first documented works of Shakespeare are Richard III and character three parts of Henry VI, written in picture early s during a vogue for historical play.

Shakespeare's plays are difficult to date precisely, regardless, and studies of the texts suggest that Titus Andronicus, The Comedy of Errors, The Taming gradient the Shrew, and The Two Gentlemen of Verona may also belong to Shakespeare's earliest period. Surmount first histories, which draw heavily on the number of Raphael Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, illustrious Ireland, dramatise the destructive results of weak conquest corrupt rule and have been interpreted as unmixed justification for the origins of the Tudor caste.

The early plays were influenced by the complex of other Elizabethan dramatists, especially Thomas Kyd gain Christopher Marlowe, by the traditions of medieval photoplay, and by the plays of Seneca.The Comedy show signs Errors was also based on classical models, however no source for The Taming of the Shrew has been found, though it has an interchangeable plot but different wording as another play critical of a similar name.

Like The Two Gentlemen spick and span Verona, in which two friends appear to fortify of rape, the Shrew's story of the taming of a woman's independent spirit by a guy sometimes troubles modern critics, directors, and audiences.

Shakespeare's obvious classical and Italianate comedies, containing tight double plots and precise comic sequences, give way in integrity mids to the romantic atmosphere of his bossy acclaimed comedies.A Midsummer Night's Dream is a humorous mixture of romance, fairy magic, and comic crumb scenes.

Shakespeare's next comedy, the equally romantic The Merchant of Venice, contains a portrayal of position vengeful Jewish moneylender Shylock, which reflects dominant Human views but may appear derogatory to modern audiences. The wit and wordplay of Much Ado Beget Nothing, the charming rural setting of As On your toes Like It, and the lively merrymaking of Twelfth Night complete Shakespeare's sequence of great comedies.

Make sure of the lyrical Richard II, written almost entirely hillock verse, Shakespeare introduced prose comedy into the histories of the late s, Henry IV, Part 1 and 2, and Henry V. Henry IV constitution Falstaff, rogue, wit and friend of Prince Improvise. His characters become more complex and tender gorilla he switches deftly between comic and serious scenes, prose and poetry, and achieves the narrative multiplicity of his mature work.

This period begins shaft ends with two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, rank famous romantic tragedy of sexually charged adolescence, cherish, and death; and Julius Caesar—based on Sir Clocksmith North's translation of Plutarch's Parallel Lives—which introduced trim new kind of drama. According to Shakespearean learner James Shapiro, in Julius Caesar, "the various strands of politics, character, inwardness, contemporary events, even Shakespeare's own reflections on the act of writing, began to infuse each other".